Mechanism of Internet

HTTP / HTTPS (Hypertext transfer protocol) - communicated between the server and clients

client makes http request to the server, and received requested data (usually in JSON)

Socket - Combination of port and IP address, end point of data transfer communications

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security)

certificates - the client and server are verified by a third party supplier
handshake - during connection, the client and sever exchanges their encryption algorithms